sexta-feira, 27 de agosto de 2010
O Brasil esta Gordo
A população brasileira está ficando mais gorda, em velocidade acelerada. O excesso de peso já atinge metade da população adulta; uma em cada três crianças (de 5 a 9 anos); e um quinto dos adolescentes no País, segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Hoje, o instituto divulgou o levantamento Antropometria - Estado Nutricional de Crianças, Adolescentes e Adultos no Brasil - da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009.
Para o levantamento, foram entrevistadas 188.461 pessoas, sendo 93.175 homens e 95.286, entre maio de 2008 e maio de 2009. A população acima do peso está espalhada em todas as regiões, com leve prevalência no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. O problema atingiu cerca de metade dos adultos em todas as regiões, com destaque para o Sul (56,8% dos homens, 51,6% das mulheres) e Sudeste (52,4 e 48,5% para homens e mulheres respectivamente). Os menores índices de sobrepeso para homens estão no Nordeste (42,9%) e, para mulheres, no Centro-Oeste (45,6%). Entre as mulheres, a obesidade atingia quase um quinto das mulheres no Sul (19,2%) e a participação dos obesas nas populações das regiões só esteve abaixo dos 10% para as moradoras do Nordeste (9,9%).
Ainda segundo o levantamento, o aumento de peso em adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos foi contínuo nos últimos 34 anos, e foi mais freqüente em áreas urbanas do que em rurais, em ambos os sexos.
O IBGE informou ainda que, na população de 20 anos ou mais, o sobrepeso no sexo masculino saltou de 18,5% em 1974-1975 para 50,1% em 2008-2009. No sexo feminino, o avanço foi menos intenso, e a participação saltou 28,7% para 48%, no mesmo período.
Embora o instituto tenha detectado pessoas com excesso de peso em todas as faixas de renda, entre os homens a concentração de pessoas mais obesas é maior no grupo dos 20% mais ricos, entrevistados para a análise. Entre os homens adultos, 61,8% dos 20% mais ricos estavam acima do peso, ante 36,9% no grupo dos 20% com menor rendimento. No caso das mulheres, as proporções ficaram em 47,4% e 45%, nos grupos das 20% mais ricas e das 20% mais pobres, respectivamente. Entretanto, a obesidade atingia quase um quarto (23,6%) das crianças do sexo masculino de maior renda - sendo que alcançava 10,8% das crianças em faixa de renda menos elevada.
O levantamento também mostrou que a altura mediana dos brasileiros jovens está praticamente coincidente com a curva padrão recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). O declínio do déficit de altura é um dos fatores que servem para medir a redução na desnutrição infantil, e a pesquisa confirma a progressiva redução desse problema. Entre as pesquisas de 1974-1975 a de 2008-2009, a predominância de déficit de altura em ambos os sexos em crianças de 5 a 9 anos recuou de 29,3% para 7,2%.
Por Felipe Werneck e Alessandra Saraiva, estadao.com.br, Atualizado: 27/8/2010 10:06
Dieta rica em frutose provoca prejuízos de memória
ABSTRACT
Over the past three decades there has been a substantial increase in the amount of fructose consumed by North Americans. Recent evidence from rodents indicates that hippocampal insulin signaling facilitates memory and excessive fructose consumption produces hippocampal insulin resistance. Based on this evidence, the present study tested the hypothesis that a high fructose diet would impair hippocampal-dependent memory. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day 61) were fed either a control (0% fructose) or high fructose diet (60% of calories). Food intake and body mass were measured regularly. After 19 weeks, the rats were given 3 days of training (8 trials/day) in a spatial version of the water maze task, and retention performance was probed 48 h later. The high fructose diet did not affect acquisition of the task, but did impair performance on the retention test. Specifically, rats fed a high fructose diet displayed significantly longer latencies to reach the area where the platform had been located, made significantly fewer approaches to that area, and spent significantly less time in the target quadrant than did control diet rats. There was no difference in swim speed between the two groups. The retention deficits correlated significantly with fructose-induced elevations of plasma triglyceride concentrations. Consequently, the impaired spatial water maze retention performance seen with the high fructose diet may have been attributable, at least in part, to fructose-induced increases in plasma triglycerides
Consumo de leite na adolescencia diminui consumo de álcool na idade adulta
Ao clicar no título você terá acesso ao artigo na íntegra - em inglês
ABSTRACT
Early onset of alcohol consumption increases the risk for the development of dependence. Whether adolescent consumption of other highly palatable solutions may also affect alcohol drinking in adulthood is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adolescent consumption of four solutions: water, sucrose, sucrose–milk and milk on ethanol drinking in adult rats. Rats had limited access to one of the four solutions from day PND 29 to PND 51 and were subsequently trained to consume ethanol (E) using a sucrose (S) fade-out procedure. Adolescent consumption of sucrose and sucrose–milk solutions increased intake of 2.5% E when it was combined with 10% S but it had no effect on the drinking of 10% E alone. Adolescent consumption of milk and sucrose–milk significantly decreased the intake of 10% E when it was combined with 10% S, and milk significantly reduced 10% E consumption alone and when it was combined with 5% S. Adolescent exposure to the sucrose–milk and sucrose solutions was also found to increase sucrose and sucrose–milk consumption. Our findings suggest adolescent exposure to sucrose increases, whereas, exposure to milk reduces ethanol consumption in adult rats. Our results may provide a new theoretical approach to the early prevention of alcoholism.
ABSTRACT
Early onset of alcohol consumption increases the risk for the development of dependence. Whether adolescent consumption of other highly palatable solutions may also affect alcohol drinking in adulthood is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adolescent consumption of four solutions: water, sucrose, sucrose–milk and milk on ethanol drinking in adult rats. Rats had limited access to one of the four solutions from day PND 29 to PND 51 and were subsequently trained to consume ethanol (E) using a sucrose (S) fade-out procedure. Adolescent consumption of sucrose and sucrose–milk solutions increased intake of 2.5% E when it was combined with 10% S but it had no effect on the drinking of 10% E alone. Adolescent consumption of milk and sucrose–milk significantly decreased the intake of 10% E when it was combined with 10% S, and milk significantly reduced 10% E consumption alone and when it was combined with 5% S. Adolescent exposure to the sucrose–milk and sucrose solutions was also found to increase sucrose and sucrose–milk consumption. Our findings suggest adolescent exposure to sucrose increases, whereas, exposure to milk reduces ethanol consumption in adult rats. Our results may provide a new theoretical approach to the early prevention of alcoholism.
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